What role did the theatre play during the Elizabeth Era Research Paper

What role did the theatre play during the Elizabeth Era - Research Paper Example Theatre was a companied with social factors, cultural concepts and political atmospheres which where portrayed through the industry. Theater during the era was crucial in many aspects. Theatre shaped the cultural composition of the then society. The society depends on theatre to position themselves along the social classes existing in the era (Woog 12). The theatre was used to identify the social classes and influenced the cultural composition of people within England. The mode of dressing and language was influenced upon by theater (Elizabethan Costume Page, 2008). Theatre shaped the society based on events at the time. Different genre played different roles in the society. The genre ranged from Drama to comedy. This played part in entertaining the public while at the same time enlightening them on the importance of culture. Language was an integral part in preserving culture hence people associated with theatre as a means of national heritage. The cultural displays in theatre played part in ensuring language and culture was use to shape the way people lived (Woog 13). The royal family played an important role in ensuring that a vast majority embraced theatre. The acknowledgment of writers by the royal government meant that writers become famous. The government was introduced licenses, which were offered to writers. This meant that play writers where protected by the administration. This allowed them to perform their work with the assurance that law protected their work. The government also ensured that the right infrastructure was available. Queen Elizabeth I ensured that the first theatre was build in London. The government then succeeded in uniting the people through art (Woog 8). The government used the theatre to guide its subjects on current. The active involvement of the authority meant that people embraced theater while at the same time provide a way in which play righter developed and presented

Tutorial Linguistic Essay Example for Free

Tutorial Linguistic Essay I. Linguistics analysis Linguistic Pitfalls aims at settling some problems of sentence meaning by identifying what problems there is. Meaning-Incompleteness(éâ€"•ç ¾ ©): lack of reference point (parameter), and the sentence meaning becomes incomplete. Ambiguity(æ ­ §Ã§ ¾ ©): more than one meaning in an expression, and the context cannot show which meaning it refers to. Vagueness(Ã¥  «Ã¦ · ·): some relative terms does not have a clear-cut boundary, and the expression becomes trivial. Reification(Ã¥ ¯ ¦Ã¥Å'â€"): an abstract name is used as concrete name, and it may arouses confusion. Colored Expression(è‘â€"è‰ ²): a situation is described by emotive terms without reason or explanations Idiosyncratic Sense(ç™â€"ç ¾ ©): use an abnormal meaning without explanation or announcement Whether it commits linguistic pitfalls, we have to identify if it offenses the PRINCIPLE and harms out thinking. II. Exercises Identify which pitfalls they commit with justifications. 1. æŸ Ã¨ ­ °Ã¥â€œ ¡Ã¨ ¢ «Ã¦â€° ¹Ã¨ ©â€¢Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¨ ¦ ªÃ¤ ¸ ­Ã¯ ¼Å'æŸ Ã¨ ­ °Ã¥â€œ ¡Ã§â€º ´Ã¨ ª Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨ « ±Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸ ¦Ã¤ ¸â€Ã¨ ª ªÃ¯ ¼Å¡Ã£â‚¬Å'ä ¸ ­Ã¥Å"‹ä º ºÃ¨ ¦ ªÃ¤ ¸ ­Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã§ â€ Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã§â€¢ ¶Ã§â€ž ¶Ã§Å¡â€žÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬  2. 我çÅ"‹éŸ“劇æÅ"Æ'å“ ­Ã¯ ¼Å'å›  Ã§â€š ºÃ¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ ¿Æ'è… ¸Ã¥ ¥ ½Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ½â€ Ã¤ ½  Ã¤ ¸ Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¦ ¨ £Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ½  Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¦ ¿ «Ã¦Æ'…〠Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¦Ëœâ€œÃ¥ â€"Ã¥ ½ ±Ã©Å¸ ¿Ã£â‚¬â€š 3. Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¦ ª ¢Ã¨Ë†â€°Ã¥ ®ËœÃ¨ ³ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã¤ ¸â€¹Ã¯ ¼Å'å…‹æžâ€"é  â€œÃ¦â€° ¿Ã¨ ª Ã¦â€™ «Ã¦â€˜ ¸Ã¤ »â€"ä º ºÃ¨Æ' ¸Ã©Æ' ¨Ã¥ Å Ã§ § Ã¨â„¢â€¢Ã¤ » ¥Ã¥Ë† ºÃ¦ ¿â‚¬Ã¤ »â€"ä º ºÃ¦â‚¬ §Ã¦ ¬ ²Ã¯ ¼Å'æ˜ ¯Ã¦â‚¬ §Ã©â€"Å"ä ¿â€šÃ¤ ¸â‚¬Ã©Æ' ¨Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ½â€ Ã§â€¢ ¶Ã¨ ³ ªÃ¥â€¢ Ã¤ »â€"Ã¥ ° Ã¥  £Ã¤ º ¤Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§Å"‹æ ³â€¢Ã¦Ëœ ¤Ã¯ ¼Å'ä »â€"ä ¸â‚¬Ã¥â€  Ã¥ ¼ ·Ã¨ ª ¿Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥â€¦ ¶Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã§ ¾ ©Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥  £Ã¤ º ¤Ã¤ ¸ Ã§ ®â€"æ€ §Ã©â€"Å"ä ¿â€šÃ¤ ¸â‚¬Ã©Æ' ¨Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ »â€"與è Å Ã¦ º «Ã¦â€" ¯Ã¥Å¸ ºÃ¦ ²â€™Ã¦Å "‰æ€ §Ã©â€"Å"ä ¿â€šÃ£â‚¬â€š 4. ä ¸ »Ã¥ ¸ ­Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦ » ¿Ã¨ ¨ËœÃ¨â‚¬â€¦Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦  Ã¥â€¢ Ã¨ ª ªÃ¯ ¼Å'ã€Å'ä ½  Ã¥â‚¬â€˜Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ¥ « ©Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¥â€¢ Ã© ¡Å'Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ§ ° ¡Ã¥â€" ®Ã¯ ¼Å'æÅ"‰æ™‚æ› ´Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã§Å"Ÿã€‚〠 5. æŸ Ã¦ ¥Å Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¤ »â€"çš„æ› ¸Ã£â‚¬Å Ã©â€ Å"陋的ä ¸ ­Ã¥Å"‹ä º ºÃ£â‚¬â€¹Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã¦Å'‡å‡ ºÃ¯ ¼Å'ã€Å'ä ¸ ­Ã¥Å"‹ä º ºÃ¦Ëœ ¯Ã©â€ Å"陋的〠Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ½  Ã¨ ª Ã¥ Å'Ã¥â€"Žï ¼Å¸ 6. é› »Ã¨ ¨Å Ã¥â€¦ ¬Ã¥  ¸Ã¥ » £Ã¥â€˜Å Ã¯ ¼Å¡Ã£â‚¬Å'æâ€" °Ã¨ ¨Ë†Ã¥Å Æ'æ ¯ Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã© ËœÃ¤ ¾ ¿Ã¥ ®Å"ï ¼â€Ã¦ ¯â€ºÃ©Å' ¢Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ£â‚¬  7. æŸ Ã¨ ¶â€¦Ã¥ ¸â€šÃ¥ » £Ã¥â€˜Å Ã¨ ª Ã§â€š ºÃ¯ ¼Å'è ² ¨Ã¥â€œ Ã¦ ¸â€ºÃ¥Æ' ¹Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã§â€š ºÃ¤ ½  Ã¥â‚¬â€˜Ã¦ ¶Ë†Ã¨ ² »Ã¨â‚¬â€¦Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¦â€" ¥Ã¨ ³ ºÃ©Å' ¢Ã£â‚¬â€š 8. é ¦â„¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã© â€™Ã¥ ¹ ´(80Ã¥ ¾Å')æ˜ ¯Ã¥  ¯Ã¦â‚¬â€¢Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥â€¹â€¢Ã¤ ºâ€šÃ¥Ë†â€ Ã¥ ­ Ã£â‚¬â€š 9. çÆ' ¹Ã© £ ªÃ¦â€¢â„¢Ã¥ ¸ «Ã¦â€¢â„¢Ã¦Å½Ë†Ã¥ ­ ¸Ã§â€Å¸Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¤ ½â€¢Ã§â€¦ ®Ã¦Å½â€™Ã© ª ¨Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ¯ ¼Å'æÅ'‡å‡ ºÃ¯ ¼Å¡Ã£â‚¬Å'è ¦ Ã¥Å   Ã¥â€¦ ¥Ã©  ©Ã©â€¡ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ© ¹ ½Ã¥â€™Å'ç ³â€"。〠 10. æ› ¼Ã¨  ¯Ã§â„¢ ¼Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã¤ º ºÃ¦Å'‡å‡ ºÃ¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¦Å¾Å"é ¦â„¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã©â€šâ‚¬Ã¨ «â€¹Ã¦â€º ¼Ã¨  ¯Ã¥Ë† °Ã© ¦â„¢Ã¦ ¸ ¯Ã¤ ½Å"è ³ ½Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¿â€¦Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã¦ ´ ¾Ã¥â€¡ ºÃ¤ ¸ »Ã¥Å â€ºÃ§ Æ'å“ ¡Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦Å"ی ¼ ·Ã©â„¢ £Ã¥ ® ¹Ã¦  ±Ã¤ ¾â€ Ã£â‚¬â€š 11. Ã¥ Æ'å… ¬Ã¤ »â€Ã©  ¢Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã§â€ž ¡Ã§â€ºÅ Ã§Å¡â€žÃ£â‚¬â€š 12. Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¦Å¾Å"æ„›æÆ'…å  â€¦Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å'怎æ ¨ £Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¨ ¡ Ã¦â€œÅ Ã©Æ' ½Ã¤ ¸ Ã¨ ®Å Ã¯ ¼â€ºÃ¥ ¦â€šÃ¦Å¾Å"æ„›æÆ'…ä ¸ Ã¥  â€¦Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã¯ ¼Å'æ ²â€™Ã¦Å"‰è ¡ Ã¦â€œÅ Ã©Æ' ½Ã¦Å"Æ'è ®Å Ã£â‚¬â€š 13. ï ¼â€™Ã¯ ¼ Ã¯ ¼ Ã¯ ¼ Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸â‚¬Ã¤ ½ Ã¨  ¯Ã¦â€"‡æ‰€å“ ¡Ã¥ · ¥Ã£â‚¬Å'æÅ'‰éÅ' ¯Ã¦Å½ £Ã£â‚¬ Ã¯ ¼Å'把å ¾Å'å‚™é› »Ã¦ º Ã©â€"Å"掉ï ¼Å'ä » ¤Ã©â€º »Ã¨â€¦ ¦Ã§ ³ »Ã§ µ ±Ã§â„¢ ±Ã§Ëœâ€œÃ¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¼â€¢Ã¨â€¡ ´Ã¨â€š ¡Ã§ ¥ ¨Ã¤ º ¤Ã¦Ëœâ€œÃ¥ Å"ä ºâ€ Ã¯ ¼â€™Ã¯ ¼ Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã© ËœÃ£â‚¬â€šÃ¤ ½â€ Ã¨  ¯Ã¤ º ¤Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã¨ ¡Å'æ” ¿Ã§ ¸ ½Ã¨ £ Ã¥ ¾ Ã¨â‚¬â‚¬Ã¨  ¯Ã¥  â€¦Ã§ ¨ ±Ã©â‚¬â„¢Ã¥  ªÃ¦Ëœ ¯Ã£â‚¬Å'ä º ºÃ¦â€°â€¹Ã¦â€ž Ã¥ ¤â€"〠Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã£â‚¬Å'ä º ºÃ§â€š ºÃ©Å' ¯

Issue of Tuberculosis in Australia

Issue of Tuberculosis in Australia The incidence and prevalence of Tuberculosis in Australia and Peru are of greatly vast differences. This paper will discuss the terms incidence and prevalence; why Tuberculosis remains an issue in Australia; and provide rationales for differences in incidences and prevalences taking into consideration the determinants of health. Incidence and prevalence when describing disease epidemiology are frequently used terms, often intertwined (Advanced Renal Education Program, 2015). Incidence describes the rate of new cases of a disease, generally conveyed as the number of new cases which occur at a given point in time (Advanced Renal Education Program, 2015). The incidence rate is commonly reported as a fraction of a population at risk of developing a disease (ie: per 100 000) (World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Programme). Whereas prevalence is articulated as a percentage of the number of cases per 100 000 (World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Programme). Prevalence is the actual number of live cases of the disease during a period (Advanced Renal Education Program, 2015). The association between incidence and prevalence depends on the natural history of the disease being reported (Health, 2017). Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the worlds deadliest diseases, with 1/3 of the worlds population infected (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). TB is an infection caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and usually affects the lungs (Australia, 2017). However, TB may also involve the kidneys, bones, spine and brain (Australia, 2017). TB is usually spread by breathing in the bacteria after an untreated person has coughed or sneezed (Australia, 2017). Overcrowding is a defining feature of areas of high TB endemicity (Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017). Ongoing close contact between active cases and susceptible individuals is necessary to maintain endemicity in a population, however we will discuss health determinants further into this paper. Australia has maintained a low rate of TB since the mid-1980s, however over the last 20 years TB incidence rates have steadily increased (Teo, Tay, Douglas, Krause, Graham, 2015). Australia has recorded its highest incidence rate since 1985 in 2011 being 6.2 per 100, 000 (Teo et al., 2015). In 2015 Australias TB incidence was 6 per 100, 000 per the World Bank (Trade Economics, 2017). When researching the prevalence of TB in Australia World Health Organisation (WHO) publications noted TB case notifications to the value of 1 254, this being the same rate as per new and relapse cases (World Health Organization, 2015). The incidence of TB in Peru shows a much more alarming story. Perus TB cases were last measured in 2015 with an incidence rate of 119 per 100, 000 (World Health Organization, 2015). Research obtained from World Bank stating these incidences were recorded from new pulmonary, smear positive and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis cases (Economics, 2017). Prevalence information obtained at this time reads TB notification cases of 30 988 (World Health Organization, 2015). Total new and relapse cases registered were reported to be that of 29 833 (World Health Organization, 2015). With Australias TB incidence rate increasing, the question is why is this an issue now? Research shows that many of Australias holiday destinations are teeming with TB that is now becoming resistant to drug treatment (Dunlevey, 2015). Holiday makers such as teachers and childcare workers are reported to be travelling to TB hot-spots and many bringing the bacteria to Australian shores (Dunlevey, 2015). Research has also shown that those living in high TB prevalent countries are migrating to Australia ((AMA), 2008). With the increases in immigrants, overcrowding and malnutrition are common risk factors for the spread of TB (Australian Indigenous Health Info Net, 2015). Australias shoreline is another factor for the increase in TB rates with Western Province of Papua New Guinea and Torres Strait Islands having recorded active strains of Multi-drug resistant strains of TB ((AMA), 2008). TB remains to be a social disease that is inextricably linked to vicious cycles of poverty (Wingfield et al., 2016). Poverty predisposes individuals to TB and hidden costs associated with even free TB treatment can be catastrophic (Wingfield et al., 2015). Other determinants of health that can predispose populations to incidences of TB may include, but are not limited to: Income and social status: research shows that higher income and social status can be linked to better health outcomes. Education: poor health can be linked to lower education levels, increasing stress and lowering self-confidence. Physical environment: safe water and clean air, along with healthy workplaces and safe housing all contribute to good health outcomes. Generally, those people who are employed are healthier. Social support networks: better health outcomes have been linked with communities with greater support from families and friends. Culture and beliefs of family and community can have an overall effect on ones health. Genetics: can play a role in determining lifespan, healthiness and the likelihood of developing certain illnesses. Health services: access and usage of services that prevent and treat diseases influences health. Gender: different types of diseases at different ages can affect both men and women. The determinants of health are typically accountable for health inequities and the unfair and avoidable differences in health status as seen between Australia and Peru (Hargreaves et al., 2011). Social disadvantages such as lower educational attainment, job uncertainties, unemployment and poor access to appropriate housing (Hargreaves et al., 2011). Poor access to communications and environmental challenges also impact on health status (Hargreaves et al., 2011). Research has shown that although Perus malnutrition and school enrolment rates have improved, there is still a majority of poor children who temporarily or permanently drop out of school to help support their families (Agency, 2017). Poverty, malnutrition, and hunger is known to increase the susceptibility to infection leading to significant social and economic barriers that delay their contact with health systems in which an appropriate treatment regime can be commenced (Hargreaves et al., 2011). With this research found, th e author can not state that Australians are better-off than the Peruvians. Non-indigenous Australians living in Metropolitan areas have significantly greater resources at their disposal, housing and schooling is of higher quality, and health and support systems easily accessible (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2012). However, indigenous Australians and those living in rural and remote areas of Australia do not have the same access as their city cousins (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2012). The determinants of health therefore impact on the ability to access, resource, and utilise health care programs (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2012). As discussed, the incidence and prevalence of Tuberculosis in Australia and Peru have been shown to be of great differences. While this paper discussed the terms incidence and prevalence; why Tuberculosis remains an issue in Australia; and provided rationales for the differences in incidences and prevalences while taking into consideration the determinants of health. REFERENCE LIST: (AMA), A. M. A. (2008). Tuberculosis in Australia. Retrieved from https://ama.com.au/media/tuberculosis-australia Advanced Renal Education Program. (2015). Incidence and Prevalence. Retrieved from http://advancedrenaleducation.com/content/incidence-and-prevalence Agency, C. I. (2017). World Fact Book Peru. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html Australia, D. o. H. W. (2017). Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/S_T/Tuberculosis Australian Indigenous Health Info Net. (2015). Summary of Tuberculosis in Indigenous People. Retrieved from http://www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au/infectious-conditions/tuberculosis/reviews/our-review Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2012). Australias food nutrition 2012. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Tuberculosis (TB). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/ Dunlevey, S. (2015). Tuberculosis disease explodes in Australians favourite holiday spots, WHO report shows. Health. Economics, T. (2017). Incidence of Tuberculosis Peru. Retrieved from http://www.tradingeconomics.com/peru/incidence-of-tuberculosis-per-100-000-people-wb-data.html Hargreaves, J. R., Boccia, D., Evans, C. A., Adato, M., Petticrew, M., Porter, J. D. (2011). The social determinants of tuberculosis: from evidence to action. Am J Public Health, 101(4), 654-662. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.199505 Health, N. I. o. M. (2017). What is Prevalence. Retrieved from https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/prevalence/index.shtml Teo, S. S., Tay, E. L., Douglas, P., Krause, V. L., Graham, S. M. (2015). The epidemiology of tuberculosis in children in Australia, 2003-2012. Med J Aust, 203(11), 440. Trade Economics. (2017). Incidence of Tuberculosis Australia. Retrieved from http://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/incidence-of-tuberculosis-per-100-000-people-wb-data.html Wingfield, T., Boccia, D., Tovar, M. A., Huff, D., Montoya, R., Lewis, J. J., . . . Evans, C. A. (2015). Designing and implementing a socioeconomic intervention to enhance TB control: operational evidence from the CRESIPT project in Peru. BMC Public Health, 15, 810. doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2128-0 Wingfield, T., Tovar, M. A., Huff, D., Boccia, D., Saunders, M. J., Datta, S., . . . Evans, C. (2016). Beyond pills and tests: addressing the social determinants of tuberculosis. Clin Med (Lond), 16(Suppl 6), s79-s91. doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.16-6-s79 World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Programme, W. G. T. Global tuberculosis control : WHO report (pp. 15 volumes). Geneva: Global Tuberculosis Programme. World Health Organization, W. (2015). Global tuberculosis report. In G. T. Programme. (Ed.), (pp. volumes). Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organisation.

Entrepreneur Observation Report Essay -- essays research papers

This report outlines a very small business of my brother’s. It describes his business, target market, financial plans, and marketing plans. I have tried to keep a neutral opinion about his opinions as much as possible. I have tried to keep my inputs and thoughts in the conclusion only. The whole idea of my brother, insert name here, owning a business started in early March of 1998 when one of the neighbors jokingly suggested he should raise chickens and sell them to people. A few days later he realized it could be easily done, and with a profit. From mid-March to September, he and I raised, and easily sold 600+ chickens, we only wished we could have raised more. When March of 1999 rolled around we were contemplating how many chickens to buy, when the person we bought the chickens from told us about the possibilities of rabbits. Because rabbits are a yearlong project, and we knew I would be leaving in the fall, it became his decision and ultimately his project. He started out with 20 baby doe (females), 3 baby bucks (males), and a small-borrowed hutch (cage) with all 23 rabbits jammed in tight. His investment in rabbits, although considerable, was still to be outdone by the ones in hutches and feed. He essentially spent all profits from chickens the year before and then some. His project now consists of 20 mature doe, 3 mature bucks, and approximately 60 babies. He has taken over a section of a large barn and turned it into a 30+ hutch rabbitry system with a circulating automatic watering system., and recently acquired a large weaning cage. I asked him how he felt when he was getting started and he said he didn’t like spending all that money but he knew he would get it all back someday. I then asked him if he was afraid of competition, or of there not being a big enough market. He said he knew of nobody else selling rabbit meat in the area on any scale, and that because rabbit meat is practically thee healthiest meat, he couldn’t see any problems in the market. He then said that if personal selling fails he can sell them through his "chicken provider" on a per pound basis. One thing I have always known about my brother and his rabbit business is that he is very confident in its success and that even though he knows there will be small problems he is very sure of overall success. When I asked him who he sees as his typical customer he said that... ...re rabbits to have babies within a couple days and must check them constantly to make sure every think is ok. He plays the role of technician when he builds cages, and maintains cleanliness. I don’t think this business could ever become a franchise although it could become a very large company with thousands of rabbits, and several employees. If it were to become a franchise I think it would best be managed by the franchisees. I think this would eliminate any hierarchy or bureaucracy involved in most franchises. Of course there would be a main office to coordinate advertising and to offer help to franchisees with questions or problems. I don’t have too many suggestions except to attempt all of the plans he has thought of. I also think that he needs to make a profit before he starts expanding any more. Once he gets into the cycle of raising and selling the rabbits he can then begin to expand, but not before then. This is really a business that has a lot of potential, and had a lot of things going for it. It is proof to me that the only successful entrepreneur is the guy that gets the idea and does it, not the guy that just thinks it would be a good idea for someone else to do. Entrepreneur Observation Report Essay -- essays research papers This report outlines a very small business of my brother’s. It describes his business, target market, financial plans, and marketing plans. I have tried to keep a neutral opinion about his opinions as much as possible. I have tried to keep my inputs and thoughts in the conclusion only. The whole idea of my brother, insert name here, owning a business started in early March of 1998 when one of the neighbors jokingly suggested he should raise chickens and sell them to people. A few days later he realized it could be easily done, and with a profit. From mid-March to September, he and I raised, and easily sold 600+ chickens, we only wished we could have raised more. When March of 1999 rolled around we were contemplating how many chickens to buy, when the person we bought the chickens from told us about the possibilities of rabbits. Because rabbits are a yearlong project, and we knew I would be leaving in the fall, it became his decision and ultimately his project. He started out with 20 baby doe (females), 3 baby bucks (males), and a small-borrowed hutch (cage) with all 23 rabbits jammed in tight. His investment in rabbits, although considerable, was still to be outdone by the ones in hutches and feed. He essentially spent all profits from chickens the year before and then some. His project now consists of 20 mature doe, 3 mature bucks, and approximately 60 babies. He has taken over a section of a large barn and turned it into a 30+ hutch rabbitry system with a circulating automatic watering system., and recently acquired a large weaning cage. I asked him how he felt when he was getting started and he said he didn’t like spending all that money but he knew he would get it all back someday. I then asked him if he was afraid of competition, or of there not being a big enough market. He said he knew of nobody else selling rabbit meat in the area on any scale, and that because rabbit meat is practically thee healthiest meat, he couldn’t see any problems in the market. He then said that if personal selling fails he can sell them through his "chicken provider" on a per pound basis. One thing I have always known about my brother and his rabbit business is that he is very confident in its success and that even though he knows there will be small problems he is very sure of overall success. When I asked him who he sees as his typical customer he said that... ...re rabbits to have babies within a couple days and must check them constantly to make sure every think is ok. He plays the role of technician when he builds cages, and maintains cleanliness. I don’t think this business could ever become a franchise although it could become a very large company with thousands of rabbits, and several employees. If it were to become a franchise I think it would best be managed by the franchisees. I think this would eliminate any hierarchy or bureaucracy involved in most franchises. Of course there would be a main office to coordinate advertising and to offer help to franchisees with questions or problems. I don’t have too many suggestions except to attempt all of the plans he has thought of. I also think that he needs to make a profit before he starts expanding any more. Once he gets into the cycle of raising and selling the rabbits he can then begin to expand, but not before then. This is really a business that has a lot of potential, and had a lot of things going for it. It is proof to me that the only successful entrepreneur is the guy that gets the idea and does it, not the guy that just thinks it would be a good idea for someone else to do.

Religion Is More Effective Social Control Mechanism Essay

In the discussion of this work, I have divided it into three main segment . The first parts would consider the introduction which would talk about the concept of religion and that of social control. In the same section I would also consider the position of Ross as stating that religion is a more social control mechanism that enacted laws of society. The second and third part would look at how these religious elements would or can inform crime prevention and last the conclusion respectively. By definition religion has been defined by many scholars in various ways according to their perspectives but all seems to be pointing at one being which the belief in the supernatural. For the purpose of this work, I would go for the definition according to J. B Pratt (1920; p. 2). According to J B Pratt, religion is â€Å"the serious and social attitude of individuals and communities towards the power or powers which they conceive of as having ultimate control over their interest, and destinies†. This definition was captured by Max Assimeng In his book â€Å"Religion and Social Change in Ghana: introduction to the study of religion†. Based on this and many of the definition on religion, I agree with Ross that religion is a more effective social control mechanism that enacted laws for society. What is social control one may ask? Social control in its broader sense is the system of maintaining law and order in society and ensuring that members of society conform to the accepted ways of behavior. (Nukunya, 1992:81). This definition of religion and social control takes us to the basic argument of Ross for postulating that religion is a more effective social control mechanism that enacted laws for society is found in the macro theory of social control as suggested by Abotchie (2012). In this theory Ross argued that instead of thinking that social control mechanism could be found in some conventional laws constructed by some individuals or groups, one should think of it as embedded in the belief systems which is grounded in religion. For him, a person’s behavior is determine by the fact that he fears the wrath of the supernatural and this make him to conform to the laws of society. This belief can be supported by a verse in the Christian bible that states that â€Å"behold I come quickly and my reward is with me, to give every according to his work shall be† (Rev. 22:12). As an institution, the marriage institution was and still can be lively bringing in elements such as the traditional social control mechanism. This is because they believe in these mechanisms such as the concept of psychic padlock and gbolomagba for instance was and can still be useful combating crimes such as infidelity and adultery as postulated by Abotchie. Thus, this belief is the believe vested in the gods and the people trusted in their powers and so send their cases to them for a verdict to be given where the offenders may be dealt with severely if found guilty. Again religion serves as social control mechanism that enacted laws for the people in a sense and thereby preventing crimes in Ghana as it is believe that the offences committed strikes at the collective conscience of the community represented by the ancestors. Thus people would not do certain things such as destroying a clan’s totem. This action would inform crime prevention in that it would prevent people from poaching in the Ghanaian society. Among some communities in Ghana however the people believe that committing suicide is an act of abomination which is punishable the ancestors. Also people see this suicide as associated by evil spirit and that a family with such records for instance would be refuse marriages from other families. This instance may instill into the people a sense of refraining from committing such acts. In Ross supposition, the political system of the country is also influenced by religion as a control mechanism. For instance, before a person is elected into office, the Holy Bible or the Holy Quran IS given to the person to swear with. This is done because it is believe that the taking of the oath would compel the person to conform to the rules and regulations since the infringement of the laws would bring about inner sanctions between the individual and the supernatural. As a means of informing crime prevention in Ghana, religion provides a sense of community where people find security and safety. This has to a large extent brought some prevention since the desperate and the dejected could find belongingness within these bodies and would allow them to refrain from acts which otherwise would have been unlawful in our society. Thus for Ross religion gives assurance as it is stated in the bible â€Å"seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness and all other things shall be added unto you† (math 6:33).

Multinational Enterprises

Globalization is changing the way of doing business in the world today. It is the new era of business opportunity. For many major companies, going global is a matter of survival, and it means radically changing the way they work. Economic globalization changes both spatial dimension of MNE†s (Multinational Enterprises) and creates a need for more flexible production of marketing systems and new forms of organization. Firms trying to position themselves as global players face problems such as the cost of building a simultaneous presence in several product areas and foreign markets. They must also be able to manage cultural difference and be able to carry out effective cross-cultural communication. Global skills must be an integral part of an enterprise; these skills must be integrated throughout all operations of the company. Managements handling of diversity will be the most significant factor affecting MNE†s success in the global marketplace. Whether a company is concerned about the supervisors of minority employees, world trade, joint ventures or global economic cooperation, culture will have a great impact on the relationships and the operations. Edward H. Schein states it perfectly: Consider any complex, potentially volatile issue-Arab relations, the problems between Serbs, Croats, and Bosnians, corporate decision-making, getting control of U. S. deficit or health care coasts, labor/management relations, and so on. At the root of the issue we are likely to find communication failures and cultural misunderstandings that prevent the parties from framing the problem in a common way, and thus make it impossible to deal with the problem constructively (Schein 40). Every company that becomes global should have global leadership. Culturally skilled leaders are essential for the effective management of emerging global corporations. They should have persons in management that are capable of operating effectively in a global environment and they must be respectful of cultural diversity. In China, the conflict in management has been addressed as a major problem for the global-player, such as US and Chinese joint ventures. Joint ventures are designed to improve and eliminate misunderstanding of global-culture differences in management. Some Chinese and American companies try to adapt to one another, but it is not easy. Both sides have found that cultural difference is difficult to control. For example, Babcock & Wilcox joint-ventured with Grub and Lin. Workers evaluated Chinese managers by a simple standard: who ever quarreled with Americans the most aggressively would be considered comrade in arms, and whoever cooperated with the Americans would be nicknamed â€Å"Er Gui zi† (fake foreigners). The atmosphere became so tense that even the most trivial business dealings between the American and Chinese became bogged down in charges and counter charges (Tse 32). Differences in customs, behavior, and values result is problems that can be managed only through effective cross-cultural communication and interaction. All employees should learn about the about the influence of culture and be effective cross-cultural communicators if they are to work with minorities within their own society or with foreigners encountered home or abroad (Harris and Moran 59). Globalization involves doing business around the world in a new way giving companies an opportunity to explore the world market. The idea of a global-player involves low-cost and new customer. In Asia, Europe, and many other parts of the world, there are thousands of service and product markets waiting to be filled. The Chinese consumer market is one of the most attractive countries for the global-player. The Chinese economy has been growing rapidly in past decade under its â€Å"open-door† policy on foreign trade, investment and finance For example, China is one of the most discussed topics of a business opportunity for global-player around the world. This is because China has a huge and fresh consumer market waiting to be filled; â€Å"China is a major imperative for most big multinationals†. Indeed for some, such as Coca-Cola, Ericson and Procter & Gamble, the country has become one of their largest markets in Asia or even the world† (Edward Tse, 11). China is the third largest country in the world and its population is about 20 percent of the world's population. Since 1979, China has entered the new era of creating an open-door policy to carry out the construction of modernization. Opening the door to the outside world has developed a newly established special economic zone, which is on the coastal area and the area along the Changing River and much more. With the progressive improvement of the investment environment and the completion of laws and regulation concerning foreign affairs, more and more foreign investors have come to China† (Fumio ltoh, 5). As a result, import and export have increased from $20. 6 billion in 1978 to $195 billion US dollars in 1993. From the report of China Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (MFTEC), â€Å"during the first seven months of 1997, there were 26 billion U. S. investment dollars flowing into China and it is 15. 5 % gain from last year† (â€Å"Chinoday. com†). China's G. D. P. has been growing at about 9 to 10 percent a year for last 15 years. Since the opening of China, people have been adapting to new cultural values. Chinese consumers are willing to spend more money on purchasing goods and services. Many international products and services have been able to succeed in this revolution because most of the Chinese consumer's decisions are influenced by promoti on, and advertising through television and magazines ads. There are increasing numbers of china's population that own their own televisions. By 1995, official statistics said that more than 80% of Chinese have their own televisions. The advertising spending in China has been growing at around 60% a year since 1990. In a survey, more than half of the people who responded, said that â€Å"television ads influenced their firs-time purchase of the brand they used most often for a home or care products† (Tse, 13). There are a lot of companies have been presented into China, such as Procter & Gamble, S. C. Johnson, Henkel, Unilever and Kao. I believe that companies going to China as a global-players need a powerful global vision to lead their organization into the future success. Arch McGill, the former president of AT&T Advanced Information System said that â€Å"Change in business starts with a vision† (Daniels, 18). Company should have a right global vision address such an important issue, such as how will they serve customer, finding local business partner and geographic concern.