Rbi and Its Roles Free Essays

1. RBI and its Roles Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the national bank of India. It screens, defines and actualizes India’s financial arrangement. We will compose a custom exposition test on Rbi and Its Roles or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Built up in the year 1935, RBI was nationalized in the year 1949. Possessed completely by the Government of India, Reserve Bank has 22 local workplaces in different state capitals of India with its central command situated in Mumbai. It has a greater part stake in the State Bank of India. Job of RBI figures the financial arrangement, along these lines directing and overseeing the economy of India. RBI is the preeminent financial expert in India. It sets the rules as indicated by which the financial activities and money related frameworks inside the nation capacities. I. Backer of cash RBI is the sole expert for the issue of money in India. Significant cash is as RBI notes, for example, notes in the sections of two, five, ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred, 500, and one thousand. RBI has two offices †the Issue office and Banking division. The issue division is committed to giving money. All the cash gave is the fiscal obligation of RBI that is sponsored by resources of equivalent worth held by this division. Resources comprise of gold, coin, bullion, outside protections, rupee coins, and the government’s rupee protections. The division procures these advantages at whatever point required by giving cash. The conditions overseeing the sythesis of these advantages decide the idea of the cash standard that wins in India. The Banking branch of RBI cares for the financial tasks. It deals with the money available for use and its withdrawal from dissemination. Giving new cash is known as extension of money and withdrawal of money is known as constriction of cash. ii. Investor to the administration RBI goes about as investor, both to the focal government and state governments. It deals with all the financial exchanges of the legislature including the receipt and installment of cash. What's more, RBI transmits trade and performs other financial tasks. RBI gives momentary credit to the focal government. Such credit encourages the administration to meet any shortages in its receipts over its payment. RBI additionally gives momentary acknowledge to state governments as advances. RBI additionally deals with every single new issue of government advances, adjusting the administration obligation remarkable, and sustaining the market for government’s protections. RBI prompts the administration on banking and money related subjects, worldwide account, financing of five-year plans, assembling assets, and banking enactment. iii. Overseeing government protections Various budgetary foundations, for example, business banks are legally necessary to contribute determined least extents of their all out resources/liabilities in government protections. RBI regulates these ventures of organizations. Different duties of RBI in regards to these protections are to guarantee †* Smooth working of the market * Readily accessible to potential purchasers * Easily accessible in huge numbers Undisturbed development structure of financing costs due to abundance or shortage flexibly * Not expose to fast and enormous variances * Reasonable liquidity of ventures * Good gathering of the new issues of government credits iv. Investor to different Banks The job of RBI as a financier to different banks is as per the following: * Holds a portion of the money stores of banks * Lends assets for brief period * Provides incorporated clearing and speedy settlement offices RBI has the position to legally guarantee that the booked business banks store a specified proportion of their all out net liabilities. This proportion is known as money save proportion [CRR]. In any case, banks can utilize these stores to meet their impermanent prerequisites for interbank clearing as the upkeep of CRR is determined dependent on the normal equalization over a period. v. Controller of cash gracefully and credit RBI needs to direct the cases of contending banks on cash flexibly and credit. RBI additionally needs to meet the credit necessities of the remainder of the financial framework. RBI needs to guarantee advancement of most extreme yield, and keep up value soundness and a high pace of monetary development. To play out these capacities adequately, RBI utilizes a few control instruments, for example, †* Open Market Operations Changes in legal save prerequisites for banks * Lending arrangements towards banks * Control over financing cost structure * Statutory liquidity apportion of banks vi. Trade chief and controller RBI oversees trade control, and speaks to India as an individual from the universal Monetary Fund [IMF]. As indicated by outside trade guidelines, all remote trade receipts, regardless of whether because of fare profit, speculation income, or capital receipts, whether of private or government accounts, must be offered to RBI either legitimately or through approved sellers. Most business banks are approved sellers of RBI. ii. Distributer of financial information and other information RBI keeps up and gives all basic banking and other monetary information, detailing and basically assessing the financial strategies in India. So as to play out this capacity, RBI gathers, examines and distributes information routinely. Clients can benefit this information in the week after week proclamations, the RBI month to month announcement, yearly report on cash and money, and other occasional distributions. 2. Resource and Wealth Management: common reserve, various kinds of shared store and different items and administrations offered by common reserve organizations Mutual Fund A shared store is an expertly overseen Medium or vehicle that pools cash from numerous financial specialists and puts it in stocks, securities, transient currency advertise instruments and different protections. Shared reserve is overseen by proficient directors who have profound information and comprehension of Stock Market, Bonds, currency advertise. The consolidated property the common store claims are known as its portfolio. Kinds of common store Mutual Funds are of different sorts relying on the accompanying: 1) based on structure This incorporates open-finished assets and close finished supports I. Open-finished supports Liquidity is the key component included which implies these assets resemble Open Box where speculators can go into or exit from an open-finished plan whenever at NAV (Net Asset Value) related costs. Open finished assets are mainstream with speculators since they work in comparable manner to securities exchange where no development or lock-in period is included. II. Close-finished subsidizes A nearby finished reserve or plan has a specified development period for eg. 5 †7 years. The reserve is open for membership just during a predefined period at the hour of the dispatch of the plan. Speculators can put resources into the plan at the hour of the underlying open issue and from that point they can purchase or sell the units of the plan on the stock trade where the units are recorded. So as to give a leave course to the speculators, some nearby finished subsidizes give the choice of selling back the units to the common reserve through intermittent repurchase at NAV related costs. 2) based on resource class based on Asset classes there can be Equity plot wherein you put resources into offers, Debt or Income conspire wherein you can put resources into govt. ecurities, adjusted plan wherein you can put resources into the two values and fixed pay protections. 3) based on speculation goals Investment destinations can be Growth plan or Income plot or Balanced plan. | Growth Scheme| Income Scheme| Balanced Scheme| Aim| To give capital increase over medium to long term| To give customary and consistent pay to investors| To give both development and salary by occasionally di sseminating a piece of the pay ; capital additions they earn| Invests| Invests a significant piece of their store in equities| Invest in fixed pay protections like securities and corporate debentures. Put resources into the two bonds and shares| 4) Other sorts A. Part explicit plan Invest just in area for eg. Foundation store would put resources into framework organizations. Sectoral reserves convey a higher hazard alongside a higher potential to create returns. This is on the grounds that their destiny moves with the part in which they contribute. Along these lines if that division performs well, they produce brilliant returns. B. File conspire Index endeavors to reproduce a securities exchange list or as intently as conceivable by putting resources into the stocks that structure that list in exactly the same extent. So a NIFTY record store would have a similar 50 organizations that make up Nifty in the equivalent weightage. The point of a record support is to reproduce the presentation of that market file. So in the event that the business sectors are rising, at that point your venture will ascend with nearly a similar rate and on the off chance that it is falling, you will get comparative negative returns. The fundamental favorable position of putting resources into a file subsidize is the low Expense Ratio that is caused in these assets when contrasted with different speculations since it is inactively overseen reserves. C. ELSS (Equity connected sparing plans) An Equity-connected sparing plan (ELSS) is an incredible speculation choice that offers the twofold advantages of Tax sparing and capital Gains. Cash gathered under ELSS is principally put resources into value and value related instruments. ELSS Schemes have 3 years Lock-in period. Along these lines, subsidize director can have arrangement of stocks that can beat over some undefined time frame. The most ideal approach to put resources into ELSS is through Systematic Investment Plan (SIP). With SIP you can contribute a modest quantity consistently for a particular timeframe. The most effective method to refer to Rbi and Its Roles, Essay models

Revolutionary Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Progressive Era - Essay Example The UI of the site is very benevolent and information has been orchestrated under numerous headings connected to isolate pages. For example, the connection of subjection to the constitution prompting a progressive war is introduced in detail on a different page. The Laughter Genealogy site contains chronicled material including maps, photographs and articles about early North America. This site is an incredible wellspring of data for analysts looking for ancestry, books and military assets. In any case, the multifaceted nature of site makes it elusive an article of intrigue. The data ranges from late news stories to prior American history investigations. Little exertion has been made to keep the menus straightforward and applicable. Moreover, the recency and genuineness of the introduced data is likewise sketchy with various blunders revised by crowd every once in a while. Notwithstanding, as a kind of perspective and research focus, it contains different significant authentic pictur es not accessible in numerous different assets. Both of these sites are giving history researchers a complete and inside and out information on American history. In any case, they despite everything can't be viewed as complete assets on American history. The dubious inquiries brought and talked about up in Digital History site articles ought to be investigated profoundly and introduced altogether to maintain a strategic distance from predisposition and disarrays among researchers.

Stephens, Alexander Hamilton

Stephens, Alexander Hamilton Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812â€"83, American political leader, Confederate vice president (1861â€"65), b. Taliaferro co. (then part of Wilkes co.), Ga. He was admitted to the bar in 1834, served six terms in the Georgia legislature, and was a Whig (later a Democratic) Representative in Congress from 1843 to 1859. Stephens, together with Howell Cobb and Robert Toombs, was influential in Georgia's acceptance of the Compromise of 1850, and with them he organized in the state the short-lived Constitutional Union party. He voted against secession in the Georgia convention of 1861, but accepted his state's decision and was a delegate to the convention in Montgomery, where the Confederacy was born. As vice president, Stephens consistently opposed the policies of Jefferson Davis , objecting notably to conscription and to suspension of the writ of habeas corpus. An early advocate of peace, he was one of three Confederate commissioners to the Hampton Roads Peace Conference . After the Civil War, Stephens was arrested and interned for several months in Fort Warren, Boston. After his release, he was elected (1866) to the U.S. Senate but was not allowed to take his seat. He then applied himself to the writing of Constitutional View of the Late War between the States (2 vol., 1868â€"70), considered the ablest defense of the right of secession. He served again in Congress from 1873 to 1882, when he was elected governor of Georgia. See biographies by R. von Abele (1946, repr. 1971) and T. E. Schott (1988). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

6 Quotes from Roxanne Dunbar About Female Liberation

The Effects Of Media Violence On Children - 2411 Words

Media Violence is definitely harmful to children as the exposure of media violence can desensitize children (age 6-12) to violence and in the real world; violence becomes enjoyable and does not result in apprehensiveness in the child. There have been several studies and experiments regarding the adverse effects of violence used in video games, television, as well as movies. With both preschool and school-aged children, studies have found that they are more likely to imitate the violence they see on screen if someone they see as a good guy is using the violence to solve a problem, especially if there are no realistic consequences for the violence. Examples are marvel comic characters such as Spiderman, The Hulk, Batman. These characters appear unhurt after smashing a building; this may lead to young adolescents thinking that violence will solve the problem. The relationship between media violence and children are positively related, if the media content contains violence, it will s how in the behavior of the child eventually. Quantity is also another factor that plays an important role in influencing a child. Excessive TV watching in childhood (3+ hours a day) is associated with an increased risk of criminal convictions and anti-social behaviors in young adults. The main claim is to prove that media violence will affect a child’s behavior, using the research and experiments as evidence. One common reaction to television violence is fear, which has received a good dealShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children873 Words   |  4 Pages According to the Media Education Foundation, once a child reaches eighteen years of age, they have witnessed around 200,000 acts of violence and 16,000 murders (jacksonkatz.com). Our society loves entertainment and a grand portion of this entertainment contains violence. Children constantly consume violent visuals, due to their prevalence. Majority of our society is uninterested in the effects of media viol ence since its effects do not show immediately. Misinformation is our greatest enemy in theRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children974 Words   |  4 Pagesmany kinds of media, like Internet, video game, television and film. It is generally believed that some of the bad information such as violent content in the media can have a negative effect on people, and it can end up causing some social problem. It is clear that children are more likely to be influenced by media violence than other age groups because of their world outlook and personality are not formed. Furthermore is if media violence does have some profound influence on children, this will leadRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children884 Words   |  4 Pagesis all this necessary to fabricate in the media? What are characters in movies teaching kids? What about the language in music talking about killing people and talking about violence like it’s the cool thing? What about new channels always ta lking about guns, bombs and threats to the public, is this what is influencing are children because they view it as a norm? Some may agree with this as others may disagree. Media violence is not the factor in violence today. Studies show that over 90% of homesRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children1357 Words   |  6 Pagesthe graphic cruelty and violence. According to American Psychological Association, the harmful influence of media violence on children dates back to the 1950s and 1960s, and remains strong today. A child that watches violence or hears about violence can be influenced to become violent. Indeed, in reviewing the totality of empirical evidence regarding the impact of media violence, the conclusion that exposure to violent portrayals poses a risk of harmful effects on children has been reached by theRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children1943 Words   |  8 PagesFor many years now, the media has been a big part of our lives. Almost everybody in the world is or has connected to it one way or another. It is a way for families and friends to have fun together, for interesting topics that people are interested in, or to just enjoy alone. However, there is a problem that can be seen across all types of media: violence. Violence can be seen as a distraught way to get over problems. There is judgement issues involved for violence. It is done by bullies in schoolRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children2122 Words   |  9 Pagesexposed to various types of media, for example books or magazines, television, song lyrics, video games, and movies. Media often portrays, aggressive action, behaviour, and violence. This content can negatively affect not only adolescents and adults, but can have an even greater effect on children even from the moment they are exposed to it. Children who are exposed to violence in the media may display aggressive and violent behaviour. Young people especially children under the age of eight thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children1903 Words   |  8 Pagesdepict different forms of violence. Some people feel that there is too much violence exposed in the media. Many studies have made the claim that the media is responsible for much of the violence seen in the world we live in. However, people have choices and responsibilities we cannot allow ourselves to blame it on other things such as the media. The violence seen in our media has an impact on both adults and children. Since children are also exposed to various forms of media, there has been additionalRead MoreEffects of Media Violence on Children2430 Words   |  10 PagesThe Effect of Media Violence on Children and Levels of Aggression. It has been said that children are like sponges when it comes to attaining knowledge. This seems to be true whether they are learning to speak or how to show emotion. Feelings and emotions become more imminent once children begin to go through adolescents. Children acquire the ability to aggression, sadness, and happiness more readily. Males typically exhibit higher levels of aggression then females according to some researchRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Children1270 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent forms of violence. Some people feel that there is too much violence exposed in the media. Many studies have made the claim that the media is responsible for much of the violence seen in the world we live in (List and Wolfgang). However, people have choices and responsibilities we cannot allow ourselves to blame it on other things such as the media. The violence seen in our media has an impact on both adults and children. Since children are also exposed to various forms of media, there has beenRead MoreWhat Is the Effect of Media Violence on Children1314 Words   |  6 PagesYasser Abdelaziz Ms. Williams English 1010-18 13, December 2010 The Effect of Media Violence on Children Although very little research was done on it in the past, media violence has sparked much controversy in recent history. As technology becomes more advanced, new methods of uncovering the media’s effects on children have emerged. Advances in Neuroscience, for example, can become tools to understanding the effects media violence has from a psychological standpoint. The brain in its underpinnings

Book Review †Simply Jesus Free Essays

We can go about Sunday after Sunday worshipping the Lord Jesus and praying out to him in our own ways but at the end of the day, are we ready to deal with the challenges of the â€Å"real life†? Would we question ourselves on the reality of Jesus’ existence? â€Å"With Jesus, Its easy to be complicated and hard to be simple†, described the author. And it is so true that with our Limited ability to fully comprehend the works of Christ Jesus, he becomes rather â€Å"under-utilized†, grossly under-valued with Its full potential nowhere near realized. The gospels, like his computer, have every right to feel restated, says the author. We will write a custom essay sample on Book Review – Simply Jesus or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jesus, though he was actually king, did not come fully recognizable as â€Å"the king†, so that his believers need to â€Å"exercise faith† in believing that Jesus is indeed the real king through all his miraculous works! Jesus is unavoidable. But he is also deeply mysterious. While we know so much about Jesus, yet there Is only so little that we really understood of him. Jesus puzzled people then, and he puzzles us till this day! Firstly, we know that Jesus’ world was a strange, foreign country. Those days the people then thought differently. They coked at the world differently in cultural habits, practices and lifestyle. Secondly, Jesus’ God seem to strange to us! There are so many â€Å"gods† from some of the world’s great religions that it is not sufficient Just to ask, â€Å"Do you believe? † but to also ask, â€Å"Which god dowdy believe In? â€Å". We need to get Inside Jesus’ world and try to catch a glimpse of what he meant when he spoke of God. Only then, we can begin to look Into think you were allowed to do, and he explained them by saying he had the right to do them! Of course, with all that said, Jesus didn’t have â€Å"authority’ over us. Nevertheless, the right to â€Å"choose† still lies in our hands today. How to cite Book Review – Simply Jesus, Papers

Marketing to the Bottom of the Pyramid

Is it exploitation for a company to profit from selling soaps, shampoo, personal computer and ice cream, and so on, to people with little disposable income? As markets in developed countries reach saturation point, international marketers have been increasingly shifting focus to markets in the third world countries. Such moves have been targeted to a class of people consisting of the wealthy elite and the expanding middle class in such countries.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Marketing to the Bottom of the Pyramid specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is rare cases where the marketing efforts have been endeared towards the masses in these developing countries, which represent 65 percent of the world’s population. The reason as to why international have not embarked on a strong marketing campaign to these â€Å"aspirational poor† at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP)-as they are usually called- is that the group is very delicate. In deed, a different strategy is needed to tap the potential offered by this category of people. The conventional ‘western’ marketing mix offered by international marketers does not work with the BOP, and as such, these potential markets require an extremely tailored approach. Buyers at the BOP behave differently not only form their counterparts in the first world country markets but also from the upper and bourgeoisie customers in their community. This paper is a case study of the strategies and guidelines that international marketers should keep in mind while targeting the BOP. The paper’s position is that marketing to the BOP is a strategy that should be endorsed by companies. Wealth distribution in the world can is taken to exist in the form of an economic pyramid. At the top of the pyramid are the wealthy that have many chances for generating incomes while at the bottom of the pyramid are those who live on less than $2 daily. This last group consists of more than four billion of the world’s population. These people have been living under the mercies of the World Bank, and more recently, civil society organizations. This is the group of people who are the focus of this case study. Recent efforts It is important to note form the onset that the fact that this case study provides guidelines on how to approach marketing at the BOP does not imply that a number of successful advances have not been done in the past. In deed, as the paper progresses, a number of examples will be cited of how some companies have succeeded in the endeavor.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Educative campaigns and effective products assist these companies to eradicate such diseases. Others are organizations aiding the handicapped and small-scale farmers bond with the rest of the globe. Banks have not lagged behind as they conforming to the fiscal needs of the poor while power companies reach out to meet energy needs of the masses. Further, construction companies have been doing everything in their capacity to house the poor in dignified but affordable ways. In addition, the availability of many stores all over, assist in understanding and serving the needs of the poor people. All these innovative approaches have been geared towards creating gateways for the poor by offering them alternatives and fostering a sense of worth. Preparing the ground: Key concepts that marketers targeting the BOP should put in mind International marketers who have not embarked on significant marketing efforts targeting the BOP might wonder how the exercise is possible. There are a number of things that such organizations need to understand from the onset. To begin with, although there are instances of multinational companies (MNCs) who have undermined the efforts of the BOP to build dignified livelihoods, the great est harm such firms have done is to ignore the poor in entirety. The poor represents a potential market for goods and services. Active engagement of private firms at the BOP is a crucial component in creating inclusive capitalism. This is because competition for this market encourages awareness of the poor as consumers. It creates alternatives for them are they are not required to rely on the goods and services available in their villages. The bazillion dollar question that needs to be considered is why international marketers have not realized the potential in BOP markets and tapped. The answer lies with them. It is all in the mind. Everyone is a captive of his or her socialization. The lenses through which we view the world are manipulated by own beliefs, experiences, and existing management practices. Each of the dominant groups who have been on the forefront in fighting the good fight of eradicating poverty is inured by its own overriding logic. For instance, some countries like India, poor as it is, have been treating the private sector with much suspicion due to a perceived exploitative nature. Some charitable organizations also hold that the private sector is inconsiderate and uncaring and that organizations cannot be entrusted with the trouble of eradicating poverty among the masses. All these stakeholders have unanimously presumed that market-based solutions cannot lead to poverty eradication and economic development. For international marketers to succeed in marketing at the BOP, they have to break these implicit ideologies.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Marketing to the Bottom of the Pyramid specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The nature of the BPO market Before providing a blueprint for guidelines on marketing at the BOP, it is important to consider the nature of the BOP market. This is because the BOP market has unique features that must be considered while engaging in mar keting endeavors. One of the most defining characteristics of the BOP markets is that there is money at the BOP. The overriding presumption among many international marketers is that the poor have no buying capacity, hence, do not represent a viable market. This is a gross misconception. This can be illustrated with the case of China, one of the developing countries. It has a population of 1.2 billion and an average GDP of $1000. Its current economy is estimated at $1.2 trillion. If the GDP-based figure were to be converted into its dollar buying capability equivalent, China would be already a $5.0 trillion economy, hence making it the second largest economy after the U.S. If the estimates extend to a sample of eight other developing countries including Mexico, Indonesia, India, Turkey, Brazil, Thailand, Russia and South Africa, the GDP would stand at $12.5 trillion. This GDP is greater than that of the so-called world’s super powers consisting of Japan, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom, all combined. By all standards, the developing nations are not a market to ignore. Another characteristic of the BOP markets is accessibility. One again, the overriding misconception is that BOP markets are difficult to access, hence posing a major impediment to the participation of large firms and MNCs. This presumption does not take into account the expanding nature of the urban areas in the developing countries. For instance, it is expected that, by 2015, there will be more than 368 cities in the third world countries each with more than a million people. Together, these cities will account for about two billion people with more than 40 percent of these urban concentrations being BOP consumers. The density of these settlements will offer intense distribution opportunities. In the case of rural consumers, the BOP is not restrained to one distribution solution. A number of innovations have proved successful in the past. One such experiment is the Project Shakti at Hindustan Lever Ltd in India. The company created direct distribution network in inaccessible areas. This was done through the selection of entrepreneurial women from the villages and training them to become distributors. The project was a big success because the women understood the village needs and products that were in demand. International marketers interested in the BOP markets may have to borrow a leaf from such innovations.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Guidelines to be used when marketing to the BPO After looking at some of the defining characteristics of the BOP markets and demystifying the existing myths about them, it is time now to provide the essential guidelines that international marketers should consider while targeting this vulnerable group. One of the essential requirements in targeting the BOP is that international marketers have to create the capacity to consume among the ‘aspirational poor’. In order to convert the BOP into a consumer market, there is a need to access the cash-poor and those with a low level of income differently. The conventional approach in creating the capacity to consume among the BOP has been to provide products or services free of charge. This move has a philanthropic nature but hardly offers a lasting solution. One of the means of creating the capacity to consume is through making unit packages that are small, hence affordable. This is because the poor have unpredictable income str eams. In most cases, they subsist on daily wages and have to use the cash conservatively. In addition, they only buy when they have cash and when necessary. As such, single-serve innovation is extremely handy in the BOP markets. Some MNCs like Unilever have realized the logic in this approach and are living to tell the story. Another way of creating the capacity to consume is via innovative purchase schemes. This strategy has been proved a success in countries like Brazil where Casa Bahia provides credit to consumers making them able to purchase high-quality appliances. The strategy of creating the capacity to consume is founded on three principles. These include affordability, access, and availability. The logic in this scheme is to create the capacity to earn more in order to for BOP consumers to consume more. Another factor that companies should consider while targeting the BOP is that this group of people need new goods and services. Companies that have realized this logic have lived to tell their success story. These include Amul, which is a daily cooperative in India. The company introduced good quality ice cream, which was very affordable. The product is not only a source of enjoyment but also nutritious. The logic behind providing new products and services is to help the BOP develop economically, as well as promote good health. This helps boost their self-esteem as they acquire the dignity of attention and choices from firms that were initially a privilege of the middle calls and the rich. As stated earlier in this paper, marketing at the BOP involves more than the conventional western marketing mix programs. It requires a change in the philosophy for developing products and services. In order to adopt a successful principle of marketing at the BOP, companies need to consider a number of principles. The first principle is that marketing at the BOP requires focus on price performance of products and services. Serving BOP markets is more than just lower prices. It entails creating a new price-performance strategy. Another principle is that marketing at the BOP requires innovation. This innovation needs hybrid solutions. This is because BOP consumer problems cannot be remedied with outdated technologies. In addition, given that BOP markets are large, the remedies that are created ought to be scalable and transportable across countries, cultures, and languages. Solutions must be tailor-made for ease adaptation in similar BOP markets. Another principle that should guide companies targeting the BOP is that innovations ought to be centered on conserving resources. They should be geared towards eliminating, reducing, and recycling waste materials. If the ordinary BOP consumer were to use packaging as any other American or Japanese consumer, the world would soon have no room for resources used. To add, deskilling is also critical in coming up with products and services for the BOP markets. This is because most of the BOP consumers are poo r in skills. The design of products and services should, therefore, put into account the skill levels, poor infrastructure, and inaccessibility for services in remote locales. Another essential principle that should guide companies wishing to target the BOP is that the BOP market opportunity cannot be justified by outdated technology solutions from the developed world. The market should be addressed by the most superior technologies ingeniously coupled with established and evolving infrastructure. In addition, any innovations should be sustainable and ecologically friendly. To add on, innovation in BOP markets requires vital commitment in enlightening customers on the suitable use and the advantages of definite products and services. Conclusion In conclusion, the question of exploitation for a company profiting from selling soaps, shampoo, personal companies and ice cream to people with little disposable income does not arise. This paper is pro-BPO marketing. This presumption is bas ed on the myth that the BOP is a basket of compelling needs but not a market. Every market wishing to direct their efforts to the BOP must primarily do away with this notion. The marketing strategy should be grounded on the principles of design, demand, distribution, development and dignity. It should also be tailored towards creating a unique business model suitable to the local market that is both culturally sensitive and economically viable. Marketing at the BOP should include developing ways of overcoming the infrastructure impediments faced by these consumers. Although this paper may not have exhausted all the considerations that companies must put into place, any marketing efforts at the BOP that fall short of the guidelines outlined in this case study are not only bound to fail, but also inclined to be costly to the companies undertaking them. This case study on Marketing to the Bottom of the Pyramid was written and submitted by user Kinsley Booker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

America Fortress Of Freedom Essays - Four Freedoms, Free Essays

America Fortress Of Freedom Essays - Four Freedoms, Free Essays America Fortress of Freedom " Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal." -Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, 1863 Created equal and free, unlike in many other countries were you are born either royalty or a peasant. Yes, they did have slaves when the Declaration of Independence was written and signed. It was normal every day life to have slaves; they didn't see anything wrong with it. Now, laws have changed, freedom does finally apply to the minorities of America. Congress shall not make any laws against the freedom of speech, press, petition, assembly, and religion. The main reason why the pilgrims came to America is because of the force to practice a religion not of their choice. America opens the doors of freedom to immigrants. America is the place where they can get a job, make money, and support themselves and their family. It is the land where you have the right to fair trials. America has a wide variety of goals; such as maintaining freedom in this country, so each person can choose their own goals and achieve them without assertiveness being placed upon them. They achieve these by letting citizens choose their own career, personality, and life-style. On January 6, 1941, on his annual message to the Congress, President Franklin D. Roosevelt predicted a postwar world in which four freedoms would be guaranteed. Those four freedoms were the freedom of speech and expression, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. I believe in a society based on principles like these would not be able to commit brutality. America is the ideal place to live if you are a minority. You get the same benefits as ever one else. You can not be turned away from a job when you are against someone with less experience. Criticism is still alive today, but since you are free to make accusations of being wrongfully treated, it can be stopped. Americans can make their own decisions; we don't have to be owned by anyone else. We are free, not from every day pressures or to do whatever we want, but we are free to make our lives how we want them.

8 Things to Write About What to Write About When You Lack Inspiration

8 Things to Write About What to Write About When You Lack Inspiration 8 Things to Write About: What to Write About When You Lack Inspiration Youre struggling with finding things to write about- that much is clear.And you’ve decided to make that jump. Youve finally worked up the courage to write a book. Congrats!Now the daunting question of what you’re going to write rears its ugly head. What on earth can you write? What would people want to read?You find yourself at the first stumbling block, also affectionately (not) referred to as writers block.Here are 8 ways to find things to write about:Write about your passionsFiction or nonfictionWhat youre an expert inWrite about your experiencesGet ideas from friends and familyFind inspiration to write about onlineBrainstorm what to write about for a day or twoCollect a large list of ideas to write aboutNOTE: We cover everything in this blog post and much more about the writing, marketing, and publishing process in our VIP Self-Publishing Program. Learn more about it here8 Things to Write About and How to Find Writing InspirationWell the good news is that all of us could write a book or two about something!Each one of us has our own unique set of experiences that others could learn from, not to mention the plethora of writing prompts and story ideas online. Figuring out what to write about simply takes some self-reflection, brainstorming, and research.Follow these next steps and you will surely find at least one future book topic!#1 Start with your passionsThe best place to start is with what brings you joy. After all, you’re going to enjoy writing your book a lot more if you enjoy the topic.Furthermore, you are more likely to really sell an idea and convince your audience of something if you’re passionate about it.Here are a few questions for finding what to write about:Whats one thing you enjoy most?What do you lose track of time doing?Where do your thoughts go when youre not paying attention?What do people describe you doing often?These things to write about could be as simple as bike riding, home organization, or cooking. It could be something more technical or complex.Take out a pen and paper, and make a list of all the things that you really love. Write them all down, whether they’re big or small. You will draw inspiration from this list, so write down everything that you can think of.#2 Choose to write fact or fictionOnce you have a good, working list of all the things you love, you need to decide something important: will your book be fact or fiction?There are so many different book genres out there that it can feel overwhelming. Hence, it’s best to get an idea of this before you start the writing process.Your passions list will really help you narrow this one down. Perhaps your love of cats could make you want to write a fiction novel about a cat who goes on adventures. Perhaps your love of home gardening could make for a great how-to book to help others who want to grow their own food. Maybe your love of ghosts could make for a good horror book. Whatever it is, your passions are th ere waiting to be turned into a book idea.Your specific genre can be modified as you begin to write. However, deciding whether your book will be fiction or about your real life, like writing a memoir, is something you need to decide before beginning the brainstorming and writing process.#3 What you’re an expert at/inEverybody is an expert in something. Do you believe me? Most people when they hear this go â€Å"oh no, not me!† After all, we are often our own worst critics.However, that’s where everyone is wrong. Each of us is an expert in something. The truth is that you don’t need a million trophies or some fancy title to be an expert. Furthermore, books written by experts don’t always sell. People love getting advice from ordinary people just like you! After all, if you can write and publish a book, so can they.You can find your expertise through a brainstorm.Much like your passion list, make another list! On this one, I want you to write down a ll of your work experience from the last 5-10 (or more!) years. I’m talking everything that you can think of such as employment, volunteer work, hobbies, and unique experiences. After you’ve spent some time on this list, start to look at the patterns: What things keep popping up?What do these things have in common?Are these things related?This list might help you see that you really are more of an expert in something that you can write about.You might not have been the boss of the company, but you might have learned more than you think working in public relations or even answering phones.#4 Pull things to write about from your experiencesYour future book inspiration doesn’t solely come from professional experience. It can come from personal experiences as well. With this, you’ll want to create another list.However, this one will be more of a brainstorm of different life experiences you’ve had.If you can’t just start making a list, start by mapping out your life.Jot down a few of these ideas to write about:Where do you live?Where are you from originally?Who are your family members?Who are your friends?Where have you traveled to?If you answer all of these questions, you will surely start to think of â€Å"that one time I †¦Ã¢â‚¬  or other memories. Write down all the words, thoughts and images that come to mind. Write down how you felt in these moments and how they affected you and youll have plenty of things to write about.When you brainstorm, let your creativity flow! Don’t worry about writing the words in a perfect list. If you feel inspired to draw, draw.These brainstorm sessions are for you and you only, so let them be as crazy as you want!#5 Get writing ideas from friends or family memberThose who know us best often see things about us that we cannot. They have the perspective of seeing our lives from the outside. If you’re thinking of writing a book, speak with someone you’re close to .They simultaneously know you best and want the best for you.Take them out for a cup of coffee and tell them that you want to publish a book. If you already have a few things to want to write about, you could run them by this person.If you don’t, you could simply ask them what they think you should write about. You might get responses like â€Å"I would love to read about your experience with _____† or â€Å"I think you could really tell this story well.†You’ll either narrow down your list of ideas or have a few new ones to add to the list!#6 Turn to the InternetThe Internet is a great place to find inspiration for what to write about. First and foremost, you want to ensure that someone hasn’t already written about what you want to write about.If it’s a broad topic such as â€Å"how to travel the world,† surely at least several people have already beaten you to the punch! However, this isn’t the end of the world.When searching , you can see how these people have written their books and think about how yours would be different. Since no one on earth is exactly like you, you certainly will have your own unique perspective to bring to the table! Only you can be you!In addition to a general Google search, use both Instagram and Pinterest to your advantage.These two social networks will bring your inspiration for what to write about- not to mention give you book marketing opportunities when you do write the book. When searching on Instagram, make sure to look at related hashtags such as this #writerinspiration one.#7 Leave all the brainstorming and discussion for a day or twoAfter you’ve brainstormed and talked with a close friend or family member, put it all down.Simply go about your life as normal going to work or school or whatever your normal routine is. You are sure to come up with more ideas or more details to add to your existing notes at the most random times. When something comes to mind, reco rd it right away!It might be good to have a notebook with you at all times or start a note on your phone. You can actually use an app like Evernote for this very purpose.After a few days of a break, come back to all your notes and decide on what you want to write about.#8 Create a list to work fromA lot of authors feel like pressure when picking their book topic. It is kind of scary to pick an idea and then write several hundred pages on it.However, remind yourself that choosing an idea to write about does not obligate you to write an entire book about it. You might start by writing the outline or the first few chapters and realize that you’d rather write about a different topic. That’s okay!Creating a large list of ideas will help you when youre just not feeling one idea anymore- whether youre writing a book or simply a blog post.Get out that notebook and get to work!The best time to get started brainstorming your perfect idea is now! Don’t wait around and let fear get the better of you.Get out your notebook and start making these lists. Write down every word, thought or image that comes to your mind!Are you ready to move forward with your idea?Weve got your next steps!If you want to take your book from idea to full outline to published book (in as little as 90 days), we have the process for you right here

Liabilities In Post Contractual Benefit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Liabilities In Post Contractual Benefit - Essay Example Jack Horner on July,  23rd 2005, from the date of conclusion of a separate and altogether different contract between Mr. Jack Horner and Amanda/ Patrick. The latter contract was concluded as early as on June,  15th 2005. Besides, the ‘offer’ of 20% deduction, was a means of luring the general public who had still not availed of the benefits of Avoca Haven till then and hence by logic excluded from its purview all those who had already availed of Avoca Haven under its earlier terms and conditions. Even if it were accepted that the ‘offer’ of 20% deduction extended to Patrick/Amanda, it is highlighted that it was only an â€Å"invitation to treat† and not an â€Å"offer† in its legal connotation.2 â€Å"Offer† in this case has to be made by Amanda and Patrick to Mr. Jack Horner, and acceptance of the same is within Mr. Horner’s sole discretion---he may or may not accept it and cannot be forced to accept the same.3 The deposit of $ 500 that Amanda/Patrick paid to Mr. Horner, was in lieu of a contract to avail of Avoca Haven as per its earlier terms and conditions, which was in itself a separate contract clearly distinguishable from the latter invitation of 20% deduction. Since no ‘consideration’ was paid to avail the 20% deduction, no valid contract affecting the same can be concluded. This is so because consideration is a formal necessity, which serves to distinguish those promises by which the promisor intends to be legally bound from those which are not seriously meant.4 The contract that was concluded on June, 15th 2005 did not contain any clause relating to a 20% discount on the total cost of reserving Avoca Haven. Hence a question regarding the enforceability of the â€Å"20% discount† offer does not arise at all.

Was the use of atomic bomb on japan justified Essay

Was the use of atomic bomb on japan justified - Essay Example But was Truman’s decision justified or was ill informed? A controversial event in history that has divided scholars right in the middle, the use of the Atomic Bomb was but a justified decision that spared the United States an estimated 250,000, perhaps more, sure fatalities in there planned invasion of Japan in addition to millions of Japanese [soldiers and civilians alike] destined for a bloody fight-to-the-death battle in defense of a beloved fatherland. The True Story While the weight of the fateful decision fell right on the shoulders of Truman, the origins of the weapon began with the Roosevelt administration’s fear of a parallel development of the same by Germany. Leo Szilard’s confidential letter to the then President Franklin Roosevelt, signed off by his longtime friend and collaborator Albert Einstein, outlining Germany’s concerted efforts on nuclear weapons formed the foundation of the Manhattan Project [S-1], â€Å"one of the largest, best-kept secret, massive resource consuming, scientific undertakings ever witnessed in history† (Walker 311-312). Indeed, even Truman, the then vice president had no knowledge of the project and only learnt of it in office. Though actively engaged in atomic research, German scientists, as it would later turn out right after Germany’s surrender, were far from reaching a fissionable chemical combination that could deliver results rivaling the United States’. Japan’s similar initiatives were thrown into disarray in April 1945 with a B-29 raid on Tokyo facilities leaving anything of the sort inundated. (Frank 252-253). The fall of the previously Japanese controlled Marianas Islands early in the campaign gave the United States formidable footholds of bringing the war closer home to the remaining Japanese strongly-held islands. With surrender heavily disdained, reinforcement directives from Imperial General Headquarters [IGHQ] detailed in the â€Å"Plan for the Conduct of Future Operations† went out on the 24th July, 1944 with four points: 1. Patriotic defense of the Philippines, Ryukyu, Kurile, Formosa, Japan Islands and the entire Japanese homeland from the shoreline right into the interior. 2. Massive annihilation of the Allies by sea, land and by the remaining air power for any attempted advance through the United States’ planned amphibious assault to the crucial areas [the â€Å"Sho-Go† Operations]. 3. The last two points called for the prevention of American B-29 aircraft attacks operating from China to ensure better cover [overrunning China bomber bases to open up continental railroads as an alternative route to their Southern Resources Area]. 4. Identifying alternative southern sea routes [particularly to the China Coast] to safeguard important military shipments (Bradlley 189). With the new SHO operations that basically enlarged mobile defense writ, Japan hoped to gain decisive victory no matter the beachhead attacked by the enemy. SHO-1 and SHO-2, the battles of Philippines and Formosa-Ryukyu were planned for august; followed by SHO-3 and SHO-4 in the home islands and Hokkaido scheduled for October 1944. Having identified possible planned landing bases by the invasion forces, the supposedly defeated Japanese strategically stationed themselves to meet the visitors head-on at an equal strength. As a tactical approach, they [Japanese] planned to abandoned direct combat with the powerfully

A Thankful Wedding Speech by the Bride :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

A Thankful Wedding Speech by the Bride Anyone who knows me well enough will know that it is hard to keep me quiet and today is no exception - I thought it only appropriate that the bride speaks, although I promise to keep it short! The main reason I wanted to make a speech was to personally say thank you to some very special people who have contributed to today: (To the groom) Firstly, and most importantly, you've made me so happy since we met two years ago and today is the happiest day of my life. Thank you for making my life complete. Knowing your track record at either missing weddings or forgetting (or losing) your suit, I should also thank you for turning up at the wedding (eventually!) where we me, and, more importantly, thank you for getting to the church on time today and in your suit. I would also like to say a big thank you to my bridesmaids. Firstly, my sister, for looking after me today and also on my hen weekend! Thanks very much for arranging our weekend in London, I’m sure everyone will agree we had an excellent time and I have a little something for you as a small token of my appreciation. And of course my other gorgeous bridesmaids who've been little angels today. I have a little something here for you both too. Thank you very much. (Presents gifts) I would like to thank my mom for all her help and support not just today but over the years and for giving me my â€Å"something old† which I'm wearing for luck today. I have a small gift from us for you. I couldn't have been luckier to have such wonderful in-laws, thank you for making me feel so welcome in your family and for all your support with the wedding arrangements. A special thank you to my mother-in-law for sorting out the bridesmaids outfits and for making all of the invitations and order of service cards which were beautiful. And to my father-in-law, thank you for your lovely reading in church today.

Meaning of Arbitration

Courts are over bounded with a large number of cases and their disposal takes long time. Therefore a need was felt for a faster dispute resolving mechanism. That’s why â€Å"Arbitration Act† was provided with a view to give speedy justice to the people and also to avoid unnecessary court case expenses. It is an informal dispute settlement mechanism. Bangladesh has recently enacted a new arbitration law, known as â€Å"The Arbitration Act, 2001. The Act came into force on April 10, 2001. The Act has repealed The Arbitration (Protocol and Convention) Act, 1937 and The Arbitration Act, 1940. With this new enactment Bangladesh has kept pace with the recent trends in the field of international arbitration in the rest of the world. According to the topic of this assignment, I also agree that although arbitration was introduced for settling dispute but it is not serving it purpose entirely and precisely. Now I’m going to discuss about the reasons which are making difficulty for arbitration to serve its purpose completely. Meaning of Arbitration: Before discussing about the ineffectuality’s of arbitration, first we should briefly know what Arbitration really means. The word â€Å"Arbitration† means mediation, negotiation, adjudication etc. This means settlement of arguments, disagreement, and clash between two parties. It is a process in which a disagreement between two or more parties is resolved by impartial individuals, called arbitrators, in order to avoid costly and lengthy court case or legal actions. Arbitration is the most traditional form of dispute resolution. Arbitration is a binding procedure. It is often administered by a private organization that maintains lists of available arbitrators and provides rules under which the arbitration will be conducted. Such organizations can also manage the arbitration in whole or in part. Parties often select arbitrators on the basis of substantive expertise. Arbitration is adjudicatory, as opposed to advisory, because of the fact that the arbitrator (usually a retired judge or attorney) renders a decision at the end of an arbitration hearing, and that decision is final and binding, subject only to a very limited court review. Arbitration is sometimes referred to as â€Å"non-binding† if the parties agree to make it so, but that is really a misnomer. Think of arbitration as a binding, adjudicatory process. Arbitration is a process of resolving a dispute or a grievance outside a court system by presenting it for decision to a neutral third party. Both sides in the dispute usually must agree in advance to the choice of arbitrator and certify that they will agree to the arbitrator's decision. The Arbitration procedures differ from the procedures of courts, especially presentation of evidence. Arbitration avoids costly litigation and offers a relatively speedy resolution as well as privacy for the disputants. The main disadvantage is that setting guidelines is difficult therefore the outcome is often less predictable than a court decision. The reasons for selecting Arbitration rather than Court: * Speedier resolution; however, there can be exceptions due to multiple parties, arbitrators, lawyers and litigation strategy. * Less costly; however, there can be exceptions due to multiple parties, lawyers, arbitrators and litigation strategy. Not a public hearing; there is no public record of the proceedings. Confidentiality is required of the arbitrator and by agreement the whole dispute and the resolution of it can be subject to confidentiality imposed on the parties, their experts and attorneys by so providing in the arbitration agreement. * From defense point of view, there is less exposure to punitive damages and run away juries. * Limited discovery because it is controlled by what the parties have agreed upon and it is all controlled by the arbitrator. Often, the arbitration process is less adversarial than litigation which helps to maintain business relationships between the parties. * The arbitration is more informal than litigation. * The finality of the arbitration award and the fact that normally there is no right of appeal to the courts to change the award. So after the discussion we can say that, arbitration is a dispute resolution processes in which the disputing parties present their case to a third party intermediary (or a panel of arbitrators) that examine all the evidence and then make a decision for the parties. This decision is usually binding. Like court-based adjudication, arbitration is adversarial. The presentations are made to prove one side right, the other wrong. Thus the parties assume they are working against each other, not cooperatively. Arbitration is generally not as formal as court adjudication, however, and the rules can be altered to some extent to meet the parties’ needs. Why arbitration as dispute settlement mechanism is not effective: Now let’s discuss the about the chapters of arbitration which are making Arbitration less effective. Although settling dispute through arbitration is one of the most traditionally approved to methods for resolving disputes between individuals and parties, there are some lacking. Some disputes may not prove best resolved through arbitration either. Arbitration, itself, is a process of two parties mutually agreeing to allow a third, impartial party make a decision regarding an outstanding dispute. The decisions from an arbitrator are legally binding, and are enforceable in the court of law per the Arbitration Act, as well as numerous state and local laws following the federal legislation. Unless in cases of corruption, fraud, or other circumstances that would affect an arbitrator’s ability to remain neutral, almost all arbitration rulings are final. Additionally, the courts may rule against the decision and rulings of an arbitrator if the decision is against one party without basis. Arbitration also leaves no room for an appeals process in the vast majority of instances. This is a risk parties and individuals should seriously assess prior to engaging in arbitration, as well as when considering the methods for resolving their disputes. Following are some limitation which makes arbitration less effective: * There is no right of appeal even if the arbitrator makes a mistake of fact or law. However, there are some limitations on that rule, the exact limitations are difficult to define, except in general terms, and are fact driven. * There is no right of discovery unless the arbitration agreement so provides or the parties stipulate to allow discovery or the arbitrator permits discovery. * The arbitration process may not be fast and it may not be inexpensive, particularly when there is a panel of arbitrators. An arbitration award cannot be the basis of a claim for malicious prosecution. * Except in certain circumstances, non-signatories of the arbitration agreement cannot be compelled to arbitrate. * The large cost of legal fees in litigating a dispute. * The ability of parties to appeal to a higher court after losing at the trial court level and the lack of finality. * The fact that neither the jury or the judge may not have any knowledge nor experience with the subject matter of the dispute between the parties which results in the parties having to educate the judge as to the law and custom and practice. The ability to appeal to higher court adverse rulings on procedural. * Unknown bias and competency of the arbitrator unless the arbitration agreement set up the qualifications or the organization that administers the arbitration, has pre-qualified the arbitrator. Also, in the arbitration process, there is a limited period of discovery, which can lead to surprise evidence or testimony occurring during an arbitration process, which a party may or may not be able to effectively refute at the time of their arbitration hearing. Likewise, there is no jury to decide the outcome of a dispute, but rather, the decision rests solely in the hands of the arbitrators, whom usually consist of one individual or a panel of three persons, that may or may not be able to remain entirely impartial during all proceedings regarding all matters. Why â€Å"Arbitration Act 2001† is not fully serving according to its purpose? Arbitration in Bangladesh is governed by the Arbitration Act 2001. This Act repealed both the Arbitration (Protocol and Convention) Act 1937 and the Arbitration Act of 1940 and consolidates the domestic and international arbitration regime in Bangladesh. In mid-2004, the Bangladesh Council of Arbitration (BCA) was established as an arbitral body. The BCA rules have not yet been finalized. Arbitration in Bangladesh is governed by the Arbitration Act 2001. This is based on the UNCITRAL model law. Here are some reason for which Arbitration Act 2001 is failing to serve the purpose for which it was enacted: * There are difficulties in enforcing arbitration awards in Bangladesh. The difficulty is greater if it is a foreign party seeking to enforce an award against a local party. Where the arbitration is convened abroad, there have been instances where the Bangladeshi courts have allowed legal proceedings which interfered with the issues raised in the foreign arbitration. The Act provides that an international arbitral award can be enforced as if it were a decree of the domestic court. * Arbitration varies on the subject matters that mean weather parties will go for arbitration or not it depends on the context of arbitration contract. That contract has to be a written contract. Moreover, only those disputes on which parties has agreed previously will be considered as arbitration context. So, if someone wants to add another context which is far more important as well can’t do it as it was not mentioned before. * In case of cost it also may be huge sometimes. Although it is considered that parties goes for arbitration for lowering the cost of court case still some arbitrator may ask for big amount of money from the parties. So fee of the arbitrator is both expensive and inexpensive. As for the parties who does not want to give huge amount of money faces difficulties for going for arbitration. Generally, costs are not awarded to the winning party, although there is no law preventing the tribunal from doing so. * Thus, according to the new Bangladesh Act, a party to international commercial arbitration has to qualify as: (i) an individual who is a national of, or habitually resident in, any country other than Bangladesh; (ii) A body corporate which is incorporated in any country other than Bangladesh; (iii) A company or an association or a body of individuals whose central management and control is exercised in any country other than Bangladesh; or (iv) The government of a foreign country. This means that a commercial dispute between two Bangladeshi nationals having places of business even in different States cannot be considered the subject matter of international commercial arbitration under the new Act, which would be otherwise possible under the Model Law * In section 3 of Arbitration Act 2001, it says that this act will be only applied if the place of arbitration is in Bangladesh. * The Arbitration Act does not make provision for confidentiality in arbitration proceedings. If this is important to the parties then this should be dealt with in the arbitration clause. They are bound to maintain confidentiality. But they don’t maintain it properly. * There are no available institutional rules specific to Bangladesh. Parties are free to agree on the rules to govern the arbitration. In the absence of an agreement, and where the rules selected by the parties do not cover a particular circumstance, the Act sets certain default rules. * Under the Act, no judicial authority (including the courts) is allowed to hear any legal proceedings commenced by any of the parties to an arbitration agreement. However, section 7A of the Act contains an exception to this general rule. Under section 7A, the High Court Division, before or during arbitration may, inter alia, take interim protective measures in respect of goods or property included in arbitration agreement. * Under the Act, the only grounds for challenge are if: (i) circumstances exist that give rise to justifiable doubts as to their independence and impartiality (ii) The arbitrator does not possess the qualifications agreed by the parties. Where international commercial arbitration is concerned, a challenge against an arbitrator must first be made to the arbitral tribunal. An appeal against the decision of the tribunal goes to the High Court Division of the Supreme Court. The procedure for challenge may be modified by agreement. * As in court-based adjudication, arbitration outcomes are typically win-lose, not win-win. Thus, the arbitrator usually decides that one side was right and the other wrong. They do not often go out of their way to develop new approaches for meeting the interests of both sides simultaneously, as a mediator would do, though if a win-win solution is apparent, the arbitrator would probably recommend it. Conclusion and recommendation: The prior examination of the new Bangladesh Act, 2001 from a comparative perspective shows that the Bangladesh legal regime has embraced the fundamental tenets of modernization of international arbitration such as (i) party autonomy; (ii) minimal judicial intervention in arbitration; (iii) independence of the arbitral tribunal; (iv) fair, expeditious and economical resolution of disputes and (v) effective enforcement of arbitral awards. This modernization has also been brought about in the context of domestic arbitration. As the new Act is now about ten years old, it will be more mature to express any judgment on its efficacy as an arbitral legal regime and the impact it will have in the future for Bangladesh as a place for settlement of international commercial and investment disputes by arbitration. Certainly, Bangladesh, being a prospective destination for increasing foreign investment in the future, has made a positive step in the right direction by enacting the new law on arbitration. No doubt, there is still room for improvement in the Act itself as indicated above. It must be appreciated that in order to make Bangladesh an attractive place for much-needed foreign investment, for economic growth and development, and for alternative dispute resolution. Bangladesh needs more than a mere piece of legislation on arbitration at the present time. The Government and the judiciary, as well as the legal profession, must take initiatives and make constant efforts towards the development of legal infrastructure and institution building in the field of alternative dispute resolution, including arbitration. In this respect the following tentative suggestions may be worth considering: * When interpreting the new Act Bangladesh courts should not be detracted from the spirit of modernization of arbitration as a global phenomenon. * The members of the judiciary as well as the legal profession must appreciate the reality that in this era of globalization dispute settlement by alternative methods is not only a domestic matter, but also an increasingly growing international phenomenon in the context of cross-border transactions. They have to be open to absorbing international values, norms and principles while performing their professional functions in the field of international dispute settlement. * The need to create a specialist arbitration bench in the High Court Division may arise for the purpose of dealing with international arbitration matters more effectively and professionally. * Specialist bench may be constituted by appointing a certain number of judges in the High Court Division with the appropriate expertise and background in the field of arbitration. The Government, the Bar and the Bench must attend to the development of the culture of arbitration in Bangladesh. Judges and lawyers must be aware of the value of alternative dispute resolution when the courts are heavily overburdened with caseloads. They must actively promote arbitration. * The Government and professional organizations should promote arbitration and ADR and enhance the understanding of them by sponsoring and conducting educational and training programs for both the bar and the bench and for arbitration.

I ve Written Before About My Younger Sister - 971 Words

I’ve written before about my younger sister, Kathryn Mary, who was born on September 13, 1972. Within a couple of days of her birth, her doctors discovered that she had Down syndrome and a heart defect that was going to eventually need to be corrected with open heart surgery. Unfortunately, Kathryn never got to a point where she had enough strength and stamina to withstand a surgery. She was so weak that she was never able to turn herself over or crawl on the floor. She gained very little weight during the 13 months that she was with us. She died on October19, 1973. Kathryn was with us for only one Christmas, and there is only one thing that I remember about that day. My grandfather, Tom Williams, came over to our house and when he saw my mom holding Kathryn, he said in a loud voice, â€Å"She’s the best Christmas present you could ever ask for. You should wrap a red bow around her and forget about all the other presents.† Shortly after the birth of our little Christmas present, one of her doctors told my parents that children who are born with Down syndrome have a great love of and appreciation for music. The doctor encouraged my parents to play music for Kathryn as often as possible. My mom did what the doctor told her to do and played soothing music as often as possible, especially when she was trying to calm Kathryn down or put her to sleep. Although it’s been more than 40 years since Kathryn died and went to heaven, I still think of her when I consider the impact that musicShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Disney s Disney Princesses 1302 Words   |  6 Pagesreally knows which is which). They fantasize about seeing all of their favorite characters face to face, being able to hug and talk to them. My sister and I were no different. I was obsessed with the princesses and she was obsessed with all the furry little creatures. 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So she grabbed it and put it in theRead MoreIce Break By Astrid Boldgett1937 Words   |  8 PagesAstrid takes first individual portrayal to make the plot of the story and is from the fundamental character Dawn s point of view. Day break, his dad, and her more youthful sister from their family convention are headed to ice angle with their uncle, Rick. Her mom does not have any desire to go while her more established sister is keeping an eye on child down the road. Her mom s explanation behind not going is the way that it was late season, yet in actuality, the guardians ar e encountering a considerableRead MoreA Relationship With A Woman1778 Words   |  8 PagesI was 50 years old and hadn t been to bed with a woman for four years. I had no women friends. I looked at them as I passed them on the streets or wherever I saw them, but I looked at them without yearning and with a sense of futility. I masturbated regularly, but the idea of having a relationship with a woman-- even on non-sexual terms--was beyond my imagination. I had a 6 year old daughter born out of wedlock. She lived with her mother and I paid child support. I had been married years beforeRead MoreMovie Analysis : My Mom Was A Dreamer 2251 Words   |  10 Pages Good evening league members! It s such a pleasure to be here with an extraordinary organization that has empowered people for decades. Before I go on to discuss my film, I d like to tell you the story of the path that led me to a journey in film-making. It would start with my mom, Margaret. She had a wicked sense of humor, a big infectious laugh and she loved movies. As a kid growing up in the Bahamas, she spent her entire Saturdays at the theater. Those were days when you could see a cartoonRead MoreHow to Teach Reported Speech3265 Words   |  14 Pagesstudents to use other reporting verbs beyond say and tell. Introducing Reported Speech Start with Tenses I find it best to start off with simple examples in which changes are only made in tense. For example: Write on the Board: Direct Speech Tom said, I enjoy watching action movies. becomes ïÆ'   Indirect Speech Tom said he enjoyed watching action movies. Direct Speech Anna told me, I went to the shopping mall. becomes ïÆ'   Indirect Speech Anna told me she had gone to the shoppingRead MoreEssay on Psychological Profile of Holden Caulfield 3044 Words   |  13 PagesCaulfield aren?t there to talk, care, and be there for Holden, which seems to drive Holden away from his family. However, he has an intimate bond with his younger siblings, who embody innocence and youth. The death of his brother Allie has left a large scar on Holden. He has a cherished and intimate relationship with his young and innocent sister, Phoebe. Holden has been to many schools and has been kicked out of many schools. Holden is an intellectual teenager, who refuses to apply himself, and thusRead MoreSummary : The Murder Murderer 3019 Words   |  13 Pagesall honesty some written evidence, we were able to develop a person of interest. Once we reached that person and interviewed them, ultimately, they led us to where we ve recovered Elizabeth s body. —Cole County sheriff Greg White 15 year old Alyssa Bustamante Strangled stabbed and slit young Elizabeth Olten’s throat, while authorities believe that the mental and emotional abuse that she suffered from her home life was somehow the reasoning behind her crime. However I feel; even if abuse